Surface treatments for improving bond strength to prefabricated fiber posts: a literature review.

This literature review summarizes the research on fiber post surface treatments and provides information related to their benefit in enhancing bond strength to composites, based on the results of original scientific full papers from peer-reviewed journals listed in Pub Med. The search was conducted using the terms "fiber post," "surface treatment," "surface conditioning," "etching" and "sandblasting." A consistent number of in vitro studies that investigated the surface treatment of fiber posts in an attempt to improve bond strength have been published to date. Their results have been summarized in the following categories: chemical treatments and micromechanical treatments of fiber post surfaces (or a combination of both principles). The majority of available literature data is based on studies that investigated different "chairside" post superficial treatments. According to the in vitro results, surface conditioning improves fiber post bonding properties, and the bond strength of pre-treated fiber posts to restorative materials is satisfactory. Long-term clinical studies are needed prior to making a general recommendation for their use.

Early and 24-hour bond strength and degree of conversion of etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives.

PURPOSE: To evaluate early and 24-hour microtensile bond strength (microTBS) and the degree of conversion (DC) of one representative adhesive system from each of the four current bonding approaches. METHODS: 40 human molars were sectioned occluso-gingivally into two halves. Resin composite was bonded incrementally to flat, mid-coronal dentin, using the adhesives Adper Scotchbond MP (MP); Adper Scotchbond 2 (SB); Clearfil SE Bond (SE); and Adper Prompt L-Pop (LP) according to the respective manufacturer's instructions (n = 10). One half was immediately sectioned into sticks and subjected to muTBS test. As the sectioning process took approximately 1 hour, the results were designated as 1-hour bond strengths. The other half was stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours before being sectioned and tested. The DC of these systems was measured using Fourier Transform-Raman spectroscopy in three periods: immediately, 1 and 24 hours after polymerization. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey's tests. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the 1-hour and 24-hour bond strengths (P > 0.05), or among the DC measured immediately, 1 hour and 24 hours after polymerization (P > 0.05). However, significant differences were observed among adhesives (P < 0.05). microTBS values obtained, in MPa (1 hour/24 hour), were: SB (48.6 + 1.3/48.4 + 3.5) = SE (51.9 + 4.7/53.3 +/- 2.9) > MP (35.3 +/- 10.9/38.6 + 6.7) > LP (25.5 + 1.1/26.0 + 1.5). The DC, in percentage (immediately/1 hour/24 hour), were: SE (81/82/87) > MP (79/77/81) > SB (60/63/65) > LP (39/37/42).

Polymerization stress related to radiant exposure and its effect on microleakage of composite restorations.

OBJECTIVES: Verify the influence of radiant exposure (dose) on polymerization stress and microleakage of composite restorations using two adhesive systems. METHODS: An experimental composite (1BisGMA:1TEGDMA, 75wt.% filler) was subjected to 3, 6, 12 or 24J/cm(2) under 500mW/cm(2). Stress was measured in 1-mm height specimens placed between two glass rods (Ø=5mm) attached to a testing machine. Microleakage was assessed in cylindrical restorations (Ø=5mm, h=2mm) with enamel margins, using Adper Single Bond 2 (SB) or Adper Prompt (PR). After storage, specimens were subjected to dye penetration (50% AgNO(3)) and sectioned twice, perpendicularly. Microleakage of the 8tooth/composite interfaces was recorded in millimeters. KHN was measured at both surfaces of cylindrical specimens (Ø=5mm, 1 or 2mm height). ANOVA/Tukey test were used (alpha=0.05). KHN top and bottom were compared using paired t-tests. RESULTS: Stress increased significantly with dose (3J/cm(2): 1.4+/-0.3(c); 6J/cm(2): 4.3+/-0.5(b); 12J/cm(2): 9.3+/-0.6(a); 24J/cm(2): 9.9+/-0.7(a), in MPa). For both average and maximum microleakage, interactions were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Tooth average microleakage was influenced by the adhesive system (SB

Composite-to-composite microtensile bond strength in the repair of a microfilled hybrid resin: effect of surface treatment and oxygen inhibition.

PURPOSE: To compare the 24-h microtensile bond strength of a microfilled hybrid composite to the same material after mechanical and/or chemical treatment and assess the effect of oxygen inhibition on the composite-composite bond. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty composite cylinders of Gradia Direct Anterior (GC) were prepared and stored 24 h prior to the following surface treatments: 50-microm aluminum oxide air abrasion and 37% phosphoric acid etching (group 1); hydrochloric acid and 6.9% hydrofluoric acid etching (group 2); diamond bur roughening and 37% phosphoric acid etching (group 3); diamond bur roughening (group 4). In all groups, Prime & Bond NT (Dentsply De Trey) was applied and light cured in air or under a nitrogen atmosphere, prior to layering a buildup of the repairing resin composite. Microtensile bond strength measurements were performed. Data were statistically analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS: The curing atmosphere did not significantly influence the interfacial strength (p < 0.05). Surface treatment significantly affected the composite-composite bond (p > 0.05). Air abrasion, regardless of curing atmosphere, resulted in the strongest bond (p < 0.05). The other treatments were comparable. CONCLUSION: Air abrasion and the application of a bonding agent offer satisfactory bond strengths for composite repair. The oxygen inhibition layer on a light-cured adhesive is not crucial to the success of the 24-h composite-composite bond.

Influência do tipo de substrato entinário na resistência de união a microtração - estudo ôin vitroõ / Influence of the dentin type in the microtensile bond strength

Este estudo avaliou a resistência de união entre o conjunto resina composta/adesivo e diferentes tipos de substrato dentinário. Quinze molares humanos extraídos foram divididos em três grupos de acordo com o tipo de dentina: 5 dentes com dentina afetada por cárie (C), 5 restaurados com amálgama (R) e 5 dentes hígidos (H). Todos os dentes tiveram suasuperfície oclusal desgastada até expor uma superfície dentinária plana. As diferentes superfícies foram condicionadas com ácido fosfórico a 37% (3M ESPE), seguindo-se a aplicação e fotopolimerização do adesivo Single Bond (3M ESPE)para a imediata inserção de incrementos de 1 mm de resina composta (Z250 û 3M ESPE) até atingir 4 mm de altura.Após 24 horas de armazenagem em água destilada (37ºC), os corpos-de-prova em forma de palito com secção transversal de 1 mm2 de área foram submetidos ao ensaio de microtração (Instron). A análise estatística (ANOVA/Tukey) revelou que o fator substrato interferiu na resistência adesiva (p<0,05), com a dentina hígida (42,0±7,1 MPaa) proporcionandomaiores valores que a dentina restaurada (37,1±4,7 MPab) e que a cariada (37,7±4,8 MPab).

Bond strength performance of different resin composites used as core materials around fiber posts.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the microtensile bond strengths of different resin composites used as core materials around fiber posts. METHODS: Forty DT Light-Posts (RTD) were randomly divided into eight groups, according to the resin composite used. They included two core materials specifically developed for core build-up--Group 1: Core-Flo (Bisco Inc.) and Group 2: UniFil Core (GC Corp.); three hybrid composites--Group 3: Tetric Ceram (Ivoclar-Vivadent), Group 4: Gradia Direct (GC Corp.), Group 5: Bisfil 2B (Bisco, Inc.); and three flowable composites--Group 6: AEliteflo (Bisco, Inc.), Group 7: Filtek Flow (3M ESPE) and Group 8: UniFil Flow (GC Corp). A cylindrical plastic matrix was placed around the silanized post and filled with the respective resin composite. Each bonded post provided five to eight sticks for microtensile testing. Each stick was loaded to failure under tension at a cross-head speed of 0.5mm/min. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's test were used for statistical analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the interface of the fractured sticks. RESULTS: Resin composites exhibited a significant influence on microtensile bond strength (p<0.05). Core-Flo showed the highest bond strength (11.00+/-0.69 MPa) although it was not statistically significantly different from all groups, except from the flowable composites. Under SEM, all the composites adapted well to the fiber post, with a variable extent of voids observed along the fractured composite interfaces. SIGNIFICANCE: Although good adaptation to the post surface was achieved, bond strength to fiber post remains relatively weak. Core build-up and hybrid composites are better alternatives to flowable composites as core build-up materials.

Immediate and 24-hour evaluation of the interfacial strengths of fiber posts.

This study examined the contribution of testing time on the interfacial strengths of fiber posts to radicular dentin. Twenty-five fiber posts were luted to root segments with resin cements and a zinc phosphate cement. Immediately upon setting of the materials, the roots were sectioned into slices and randomly divided into two subgroups, depending on testing time (immediate vs. 24-hours), for push-out test. The results showed an improvement on the interfacial strength after 24 hours of storage. When data were pooled for each cement, the interfacial strengths (MPa) were: Optibond Solo Plus/Nexus: 10.3+/-3.8a; zinc phosphate cement: 10.1+/-2.7a; Multilink: 9.6+/-3.8ab; RelyX Unicem: 7.1+/-4.9bc; AllBond 2/Duolink: 6.7+/-3.5c (groups with same superscript letter were not statistically significant). It is concluded that bond strength can increase during the first 24 hours and that the interfacial strength is predominantly contributed by frictional retention.

A novel method to obtain microtensile specimens minimizing cut flaws.

Cutting procedures conventionally used for microtensile specimens' preparation induce mechanical stress and attrition, leading to cracks in dental structure. Enamel is mainly affected due to its high module of elasticity and brittleness. As an alternative to the conventional diamond saw, a diamond wire was used for cutting. The two techniques were compared in efficacy in the preparation of two different sample shapes. Forty human molars, flattened in dentin or enamel, were used for sample preparation. After bonding procedures, resin block was built incrementally. Half of the teeth were cut using a diamond disc and the other half using a diamond wire, obtaining slabs and stick-shaped specimens. Slabs were then shaped to obtain hourglass samples. Five samples from each subgroup were randomly selected for Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Remaining samples underwent microtensile test and the results were analyzed, including/excluding premature failures (pf), with three-way ANOVA and Tukey test, performed separately, by substrate. On dentin, only the exclusion of pf showed a significant higher bond strength values than when pf were included (p < 0.05); however, on enamel, all factors (equipment, shape and including/excluding pf) had a significant effect on bond strength (p<0.05). The most remarkable finding from SEM was the incidence of specimens' cracks and defects when diamond blade was used. Scratches and cracks in the hourglass-shaped specimens were also detected. In both cases, enamel was more affected than dentin.

Evaluation of the adhesion of fiber posts to intraradicular dentin.

The interfacial strength and ultrastructure of a total-etch, self-etch and self-adhesive resin cement used to lute endodontic glass fiber posts (FRC Postec, Ivoclar-Vivadent) was assessed with the "thin-slice" push-out test and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The tested adhesive cements were Variolink II (Ivoclar-Vivadent), Panavia 21 (Kuraray Co) and RelyX Unicem (3M ESPE). In each group, seven posted roots were used for push-out tests and two were processed for TEM observations. The interfacial strength achieved by Variolink II (10.18 +/- 2.89 MPa) was significantly higher than Panavia (5.04 +/- 2.81 MPa) and RelyX Unicem (5.01 +/- 2.63 MPa), which were comparable to each other. TEM micrographs of the interface between Variolink II and intraradicular dentin revealed that the smear layer was totally removed and an 8-10 micron thick hybrid layer was formed. In the other group specimens, the smear layer was not completely dissolved and smear plugs were retained. Gaps were present between the hybridized complex and the adhesive layer in the Panavia 21 specimens and between the smear layer and underlying root dentin in the RelyX Unicem specimens. Interfacial strengths and microscopic findings were in agreement and indicated that the bonding potential of the total-etch resin cement was greater. The acidic-resin monomers responsible for substrate conditioning in Panavia 21 and RelyX Unicem appeared unable to effectively remove the thick smear layer created on root dentin during post space preparation.

The influence of the cutting speed on bond strength and integrity of microtensile specimens.

OBJECTIVES: To verify the influence of cutting speed during microtensile specimen preparation, on bond strength values and on the sample microscopic integrity of a single-bottle adhesive system to enamel and dentin. METHODS: Thirty sound human third molars were restored with light-cured Excite and Tetric Ceram according to manufacturers' instructions, being half in ground enamel [E], and half in flat dentin [D]. After 24 h storage in distilled water at 37 degrees C, the restored teeth were sectioned in x and y-axes under different cutting speed: 100, 200 or 400 RPM, obtaining stick shaped specimens with cross-sectional area of 1.0 mm(2). Five specimens from each experimental group were randomly selected before being loaded for SEM analysis, while the remaining samples were subjected to the microtensile bond strength test. Because the variance of dentin specimens was significantly higher than the variance of enamel samples, analysis of the influence of the cutting speed was performed separately, by substrate. RESULTS: The mean values in MPa were calculated including/excluding premature failures: E1: 24.67/27.31(a); E2: 24.03/25.81(a); E4: 19.06/21.52(b); D1: 35.80/36.33(A); D2: 35.84/36.65(A); D4: 37.78/38.50(A). In the SEM analysis, better integrity of the dentin specimens was observed when compared to the enamel samples, for which the integrity was greater in the lower cutting speed groups. SIGNIFICANCE: It can be concluded that the cutting speed is an important factor that should be considered, mainly when enamel is involved, since it may affect the bond strength results and the integrity of the specimens.

Microtensile bond strength to ground enamel by glass-ionomers, resin-modified glass-ionomers, and resin composites used as pit and fissure sealants.

OBJECTIVES: To measure the microtensile bond strength to ground enamel of different types of materials used as pit and fissure sealants in combination with different substrate conditioners. METHODS: From 40 sound extracted molars, eight groups of five teeth were randomly formed. The experimental groups were: (1) (C) 37% phosphoric acid/ClinPro Sealant (3M ESPE); (2) (G) 37% phosphoric acid/Guardian Seal (Kerr); (3) (E/TF) 37% phosphoric acid/Excite/Tetric Flow (Ivoclar-Vivadent) (4) (OS/UF) 37% phosphoric acid/One Step (Bisco)/UniFil Flow (GC); (5) (OS/AE) 37% phosphoric acid/One Step/AEliteflo (Bisco); (6) (UB/UF) UniFil Bond/UniFil Flow (GC); (7) (CC/FVII) GC Cavity Conditioner/Fuji VII (GC); (8) (CC/FII) GC Cavity Conditioner/Fuji II LC Improved (GC). On the buccal of each tooth, a 5mm high build-up was created by incrementally adding layers of the sealing material on the conditioned enamel. By serially cutting the built-up tooth, multiple beam-shaped specimens about 1mm x 1mm in cross section were obtained, and loaded in tensile (0.5 mm/min) until failure occurred. RESULTS: The bond strengths measured in MPa were: (C) 20.41+/-11.79; (G) 16.02+/-7.99; (E/TF) 24.06+/-9.67; OS/UF 15.63+/-9.00; (OS/AE) 9.31+/-6.05; (UB/UF) 4.96+/-3.46; (CC/FVII) 1.70+/-2.19; (CC/FII) 2.19+/-1.44. CONCLUSIONS: The conventional and the resin-modified glass ionomers measured bond strengths significantly lower than those of any resin-based materials. Failure frequently occurred cohesively within the cement. Flowable composites in combination with phosphoric acid and a total-etch adhesive performed similarly to resin-based materials specifically conceived for sealings, such as ClinPro Sealant and Guardian Seal. The bond achieved by resin composite when treating enamel with the self-etching primer used in this study (UniFil Bond) was significantly lower than that developed when the substrate was etched with 37% phosphoric acid.

Resistência à microtração e avaliação por microscopia eletrônica de varredura da interface entre um adesivo com "primer" autocondicionante e esmalte ou dentina / Microtensile strength and SEM evaluation of the interface between an adhesive with self-eatching primer and enamel or dentin

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar, por teste de microtração, a resitência de união do adesivo com "primer" autocondicionante Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray Medical Inc.) ao substrato (esmalte ou dentina); e verificar, através de MEV, a integridade da interface entre adesivo e substrato antes do teste de microtração. Quatorze molares humanos hígidos foram aleatoriamente divididos em dois grupos (n=7) de acordo com o substrato a ser usado: dentina ou esmalte. Após a aplicação do sistema adesivo, um bloco de resina composta (Tetric Ceran - Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) de aproximadamente 5 x 5 x 5 mm foi construído sobre o dente, sendo cada incremento fotoativado por 40 segundos com 60mW/cm² (Optilux 401 - Demetron Research Corporation). Após 24 horas, os blocos dente/adesivo/resina foram seccionados, obtendo-se corpos de prova em forma de palito, com área de união de aproximadamente 0,8mm². Foram obtidos 156 corpos-de-prova, sendo que 120 palitos foram usados para o teste de microtração e 36 foram preparados para análise em microscopia eletrônica de varredura. A média de resistência de união (MPa) em dentina foi de 44,5 (+/-7,7) e em esmalte, 38,9 (+/-4,8), sendo estatisticamente semelhantes entre si. A análise em MEV mostrou presença de bolhas e/ou microtrincas na interface adesiva e no substrato, principalmente em esmalte

Microtensile bond strength of current dentin adhesives measured immediately and 24 hours after application.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the immediate microtensile bond strengths achieved with representative adhesive systems from each of the four current bonding approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Resin composite was bonded incrementally to flat, midcoronal dentin from 33 human molars, using the adhesives (Adper Scotchbond MP; Adper Scotchbond 1; Optibond Solo Plus; Clearfil SE Bond; AdheSE; Tyrian SPE + One Step Plus; Optibond Solo Plus self-etching; One-Up Bond F; iBond; Adper Prompt L-Pop; Xeno III) according to the respective manufacturer's instructions. The bonded specimens were immediately sectioned into sticks and underwent microtensile bond testing either immediately or after 24 h. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and LSD tests. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between immediate and 24-h bond strengths (p > 0.05). However, significant differences were observed among adhesives (p = 0.001). The all-in-one adhesive iBond showed statistically lower values when compared to all the other adhesives. Adper Prompt L-Pop, Xeno III, Tyrian SPE + One Step Plus and One-Up Bond F, all self-etching adhesives, were significantly weaker than AdheSE, Optibond Solo Plus, Adper Scotchbond 1, Optibond Solo Plus self-etching, Clearfil SE Bond, and Adper Scotchbond MP, which did not differ statistically from each other. CONCLUSION: Microtensile bond strengths of representative adhesive systems from the four categories of bonding agents were not equivalent, with the lowest values recorded for the one-step self-etching adhesives. There were no differences in the bond strengths when measured immediately and after 24 h.

Microtensile bond strength of different adhesive systems to primary and permanent dentin.

PURPOSE: The aims of this in vitro study were to: (1) compare bond strength of different adhesive systems to primary and permanent dentin using microtensile test; and (2) evaluate the interaction of these materials to primary and permanent dentin by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). METHODS: Middle-coronal dentin surfaces of 18 exfoliated primary and 18 extracted permanent molars were exposed and teeth were randomly divided, according to their adhesive system, into 3 groups (N=6 per group): (1) Clearfil SE Bond (SE); (2) One Up Bond F (OU); and (3) Single Bond (SB). Then, 5-mm high composite blocks were constructed. After bonding procedures, the teeth were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours prior to the specimens' preparation. For the microtensile test, teeth (N=5 per group) were longitudinally sectioned into 2 axes rendering beam-specimens that were glued to special devices, which were mounted in a Universal Testing Machine to be loaded under a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until fracture. One tooth of each group was prepared for SEM. RESULTS: Microtensile bond strength mean values (MPa) to primary/permanent dentin were: (1) SE=60.0/61.4; (2) OU=54.5/53.3; and (3) SB=70.1/64.9. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed no significant differences (P>.05) for the bond strength values among primary and permanent dentin groups, neither among groups SExSB and SExOU. SEM images of SE and SB showed a well-defined, uniform, and continuous hybrid layer. A continuous hybrid layer, however, was not found for OU. CONCLUSIONS: Bond strength and micromorphologic characteristics of the adhesive systems evaluated were not influenced by the substrate. OU achieved worse results.

Polymerization contraction stress of low-shrinkage composites and its correlation with microleakage in class V restorations.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the behavior of two new, low-shrinkage hybrid composites (Aelite LS and Inten-S) with a microfilled (Heliomolar) and a hybrid composite (Filtek Z250), in terms of polymerization contraction stress and microleakage. METHODS: Maximum contraction stress after 10 min was recorded in a "tensilometer", using a C-factor (C) of 2.5 and energy density of 26 J/cm(2). For the microleakage test, cylindrical cavities with enamel margins prepared in bovine incisors (4 mm diameter, 1.5 mm depth, C = 2.5) were restored in bulk, applying the same energy density used in the contraction stress test. After immersion in 0.5% methylene blue for 4 h, specimens were sectioned twice, perpendicularly, and the highest dye penetration score was recorded. Contraction stress results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA/Tukey's test and microleakage was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test. Regression analysis between the two variables was also performed. RESULTS: Aelite LS showed significantly higher stress than the other composites tested. Inten-S and Filtek Z250 had similar stress levels, statistically higher than Heliomolar. In the microleakage test, a significant difference was observed between Aelite LS and Heliomolar only. Regression analysis showed a good linear correlation between the two variables (R2(adjusted) = 0.811). CONCLUSIONS: The low-shrinkage materials exhibited contraction stress values similar or higher than the hybrid composite. A direct relationship between contraction stress values and microleakage for the composites evaluated was verified. SIGNIFICANCE: The low-shrinkage composites tested did not seem to represent an improvement in terms of reducing contraction stress or microleakage.

Microtensile bond strength of self-etching adhesives to enamel and dentin.

PURPOSE: To measure the microtensile bond strength to enamel and dentin of three self-etching adhesives in comparison with a total-etch two-step system as a control. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 40 extracted human molars were stored in saline solution until use, then divided into 4 groups of 10 teeth (one group per adhesive system). Half of each of these groups underwent bond strength tests on enamel, and the other half was used for adhesion testing on dentin. The following experimental groups (n = 5) were then formed: E(1) Adper Prompt-L-Pop (AP, 3M ESPE) on enamel; E(2) Xeno CF II (X, Sanking Kogyo) on enamel; E(3) AdheSE (AS, Ivoclar-Vivadent) on enamel; E(4) Excite (EX, Ivoclar-Vivadent) on enamel; D(1) AP on dentin; D(2): X on dentin; D(3) AS on dentin; D(4) EX on dentin. Each tooth yielded 15 to 20 sticks about 0.9 x 0.9 mm in cross-sectional area for microtensile testing. Specimens were loaded in tension at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute, and bond strength at failure was calculated in MPa. A two-way ANOVA was applied to test for significance of the differences among the groups. RESULTS: The bond strength values of Excite (the control) were significantly higher than those of the test products on enamel (42.92+/-4.8 MPa) and on dentin (45.80+/-5.79 MPa). The self-etching adhesives AdheSE (28.48+/-4.71 MPa) and Xeno CF II (27.22+/-2.74 MPa) revealed significantly stronger adhesion than Adper Prompt-L-Pop (20.16+/-2.07 MPa) on dentin. On enamel, all self-etching test materials performed similarly. The substrate did not appear to have a significant influence on adhesion, as each material reached comparable levels of bond strength on enamel and dentin. CONCLUSION: On both substrates the self-etching adhesives tested performed significantly worse than did the total-etch system.

Influência do tempo de armazenamento na resistência de união à dentina de dois tipos de adesivos dentários por ensaio de microtração / Influence of water storage time on microtensile bond strength of two dentinbonding agents

O objetivo da pesquisa foi estudar a influência do tempo de armazenamento (24hs e três meses) na resistência adesiva de dois tipos de adesivo dental, sendo um convencional, Single Bond (SB) e outro com primer autocondicionante, ABF experimental (ABF), e também a influência das variações regionais do abstrato dentário. O esmalte oclusal de 16 terceiros molares foi removido, expondo uma superfície dentinária plana. Nesta, foi criada uma camda de smear através de lixas de papel de granulações decrescentes. Após a aplicação dos sistemas adesivos, blocos de resina Z250 de 5 mm de altura foram construídos sobre a superfície dentinária. Os dentes foram divididos em quatro grupos (n=4) de acordo com o material e o tempo de armazenamento, os dentes foram seccionados, longitudinalmente, em cortes perpendiculares entre si, a fim de se obterem corpos-de-prova (cp) em formato de palito de aproximadamente 0,8 mm quadrados de secção transversal, constituídos por resina-adesivo-dentina. Esses cp foram mapeados, com esmaltes de diferentes cores, conforme suas localizações no dente: mais periférica ou interna, no sentido horizontal. Os espécimes foram submetidos ao teste de microtração. A análise de variância demonstrou não haver diferença significante entre os valores médios de sistência dos dois adesivos com diferentes idades de armazenamento, nem entre as diferentes regiões do dente.

The effect of long-term storage on the microleakage of composite resin restorations: qualitative and quantitative evaluation

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of storage periods of 24 hours and 3 months on the microleakage of class II cavities. Two methods of assessing microleakage were also compared. Class II cavities were prepared in sound human molars. MO cavities were restored using ABF experimental (Kuraray Medical Inc.) + Z250 composite resin (3M ESPE), and DO cavities were restored using Single Bond (3M ESPE) + Z250. After different storage periods, specimens were thermocycled, immersed in a dye (0.5 percent methylene blue solution for 4 h) and longitudinally sectioned. Dye penetration was scored according to a 0-4 scale. The extent of microleakage was measured using the ImageLab 2000 program. A statistically significant correlation was verified between both evaluation methods (r = 0.978, p < 0.001). ANOVA revealed a statistically significant difference between the tested adhesive systems regarding microleakage (p < 0.001), although it was not influenced by the different storage periods

Efeito do armazenamento de adesivos de frasco único sobre a resistência de união à dentina / Effects of storage conditions on microtensile bond strength of one-bottle adhesives

O objetivo desse estudo foi invertigar o efeito do armazenamento de 4 sistemas adesivos de frasco único por 1 ano sobre a resistência de união à dentina, através do teste de microtração. O esmalte oclusal de 16 molares humanos foi removido expondo superfície. Uma camada de "smear" padrão foi criada pela abrasão em lixas de granelação decrescente. Os dentes foram divididos em quatro grupos: [EX] - Excite (Ivoclar - Vivadent); [SB] - Single Bond (3M-ESPE); [OS] - Optibond Solo Plus (Kerr Corporation), [PB] - Prime & Bond NT (Dentsply-DeTrey). Blocos de resina com 5 mm de altura foram construídos nas superfícies dentárias tratadas com os adesivos. Após 24 horas de armazenamento, os corpos foram selecionados para obter uma série de "palito" em uma máquina de testes universal a 0,5mm/min. Os adesivos foram armazenados, por 1 ano, em estufa a 33oC, sendo abertos uma vez por dia e pressionados expondo 1 gota. Após esse período, todos os procedimentos para o teste de microtração foram repetidos para outros 16 molares. Os dados foram analisados utilizando os testes de Análise de Variância de 2 fatores e Tukey. Os valoresmédios obtidos (imediato/1ano) em MPa foram: [EX] 40,1ª/39,4ª; [SB] 42,8ª/46,7ª, [OS] 35,3ª/39,4ª, [PB] 22,5b/0,0c. Conclusões: Os resultados imediatos mostraram valores de resistência inferiores para o adesivo Prime & Bond NT, que sofreu influência significativa do tempo de armazenados por 1 ano.

The effect of long-term storage on the microleakage of composite resin restorations: qualitative and quantitative evaluation.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of storage periods of 24 hours and 3 months on the microleakage of class II cavities. Two methods of assessing microleakage were also compared. Class II cavities were prepared in sound human molars. MO cavities were restored using ABF experimental (Kuraray Medical Inc.) + Z250 composite resin (3M ESPE), and DO cavities were restored using Single Bond (3M ESPE) + Z250. After different storage periods, specimens were thermocycled, immersed in a dye (0.5% methylene blue solution for 4 h) and longitudinally sectioned. Dye penetration was scored according to a 0-4 scale. The extent of microleakage was measured using the ImageLab 2000 program. A statistically significant correlation was verified between both evaluation methods (r = 0.978, p < 0.001). ANOVA revealed a statistically significant difference between the tested adhesive systems regarding microleakage (p < 0.001), although it was not influenced by the different storage periods.